Austenite Stability and Wear Resistance of High-Manganese Steels
Keywords:
high-manganese steel, austenite, martensitic transformation, wear resistance, plastic deformationAbstract
Purpose. Classification of wear-resistant components used in metallurgical equipment by category and optimization of high-manganese steel selection. Design / Method / Approach. The study was conducted on steels produced in induction furnaces with water quenching at 1050 °C. Samples of 5 × 3 × 3 mm³ were subjected to slow plastic deformation by compression. The degree of deformation was determined by the ratio of the sample thickness before and after deformation. The magnetic state was evaluated by the magnetometric method using a Faraday balance. Findings. At 20–30% deformation, 110Mn8 formed 2.787 vol.% α′-martensite, 110Mn10 – 0.263 vol.%, 110Mn13 – 0.107 vol.%, and 110Mn18 – 0.006 vol.%. Steels 110Mn8 and 110Mn10 exhibit low austenite stability, while 110Mn13 and 110Mn18 are metastable. A classification of parts by operating conditions was proposed: I – especially critical purpose (110Mn13, 110Mn18), II – critical purpose (110Mn10), III – general purpose (110Mn8). Theoretical Implications. The study enhances understanding of the role of martensitic transformation in the wear resistance of high-manganese steels and clarifies the relationship between chemical composition and austenite stability. Practical Implications. The classification enables optimized steel selection for parts based on operating conditions, reducing material costs and improving equipment reliability. Originality / Value. This is the first study to propose a classification of metallurgical equipment parts by categories, considering austenite stability, facilitating rational material selection. Research Limitations / Future Research. Future research should explore the effects of additional alloying elements and compare them with other deformation types. Article Type. Empirical.
Downloads
References
Ayadi, S., Hadji, A., & Kaleli, E. H. (2024). Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Microstructure, Wear and Friction of Ni–Nb–V Alloyed Manganese Steel. International Journal of Metalcasting, 19(2), 1067–1080. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-024-01363-z
Belodedenko, S., Hanush, V., & Hrechanyi, O. (2022). Fatigue lifetime model under a complex loading with application of the amalgamating safety indices rule. Procedia Structural Integrity, 36, 182–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2022.01.022
Belodedenko, S., Hrechanyі, O., Hanush, V., & Izhevskyi, Y. (2024). Experimental and analytical ways of finding the function of the maximum accumulated damage under operating modes with overloads. Advances in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 8, 100137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aime.2024.100137
Belodedenko, S., Hrechanyі, O., Vasilchenko, T., Hrechana, A., & Izhevskyi, Y. (2023). Determination of the critical cyclic fracture toughness for the mode II in mixed fracture of structural steels. Forces in Mechanics, 13, 100236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finmec.2023.100236
Bhattacharya, A., Biswal, S., Barik, R. K., Mahato, B., Ghosh, M., Mitra, R., & Chakrabarti, D. (2024). Comparative interplay of C and Mn on austenite stabilization and low temperature impact toughness of low C medium Mn steels. Materials Characterization, 208, 113658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2024.113658
Ding, F., Guo, Q., Hu, B., & Luo, H. (2022). Influence of softening annealing on microstructural heredity and mechanical properties of medium-Mn steel. Microstructures, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2022.01
Han, R., Yang, G., Fu, Z., Xu, D., Xu, Y., & Zhao, G. (2023). Effect of low-temperature hot rolling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of air-cooling medium manganese martensitic wear-resistant steel. Materials Characterization, 203, 113139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2023.113139
Hrechanyі, O. (2024). Resource forecasting under the action of degradation processes with a catastrophic section on the example of universal spindles liners of rolling mills. Results in Materials, 22, 100563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100563
Hu, Z., & Fu, H. (2024). Effect of Si Content on Microstructure and Properties of Low-Carbon Medium-Manganese Steel after Intercritical Heat Treatment. Metals, 14(6), 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14060675
Jabłońska, M. B., Jasiak, K., Kowalczyk, K., Bednarczyk, I., Skwarski, M., Tkocz, M., & Gronostajski, Z. (2022). Deformation behaviour of high-manganese steel with addition of niobium under quasi-static tensile loading. Materials Science-Poland, 40(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2022-0029
Kozłowska, A., Stawarczyk, P., Grajcar, A., Radwański, K., Matus, K., & Samek, L. (2023). Microstructure evolution and strain hardening behavior of thermomechanically processed low-C high-manganese steels: an effect of deformation temperature. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43452-023-00722-7
Li, J., Xu, L., Feng, Y., Wu, S., Li, W., Wang, Q., Zhang, P., & Tu, X. (2023). Hardening mechanism of high manganese steel during impact abrasive wear. Engineering Failure Analysis, 154, 107716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107716
Ol’shanetskii, V. E., Snezhnoi, G. V., & Sazhnev, V. N. (2016). Structural and Magnetic Stability of Austenite in Chromium-Nickel and Manganese Steels with Cold Deformation. Metal Science and Heat Treatment, 58(5–6), 311–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-016-0009-5
Sazhnyev, V. M., & Snizhnoy, H. V. (2023). Influence of Technological Parameters on the Physical, Mechanical and Operational Properties of Wear-Resistant Austenitic High-Manganese Steel. Metallofizika i noveishie tekhnologii, 45(4), 503–522. https://doi.org/10.15407/mfint.45.04.0503
Scott, C. P. (2022). Recent Developments in Medium and High Manganese Steels. Metals, 12(5), 743. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12050743
Sereda, B., Sheyko, S., & Sereda, D. (2012). The research of influence alloying elements on processes structure formation in stamp steel. In AIST Steel Properties and Applications Conference Proceedings-Combined with MS and T12. 7-11 October. 2012. Pittsburg, USA. Materials Science and Technology., 453–456. https://www.proceedings.com/content/015/015896webtoc.pdf
Sheyko, S., Mishchenko, V., Matiukhin, A., Bolsun, O., Lavrinenkov, A., & Kulabneva, E. (2021). Universal equation of metal resistance dependence to deformation on conditions of thermoplastic processing. Metal 2021 Conference Proeedings, 2021, 329–334. https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4121
Sheyko, S., Tsyganov, V., Hrechanyі, O., Vasilchenko, T., & Hrechana, A. (2023). Determination of the optimal temperature regime of plastic deformation of micro alloyed automobile wheel steels. Research on Engineering Structures and Materials, 10(1), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.17515/resm2023.49me0428tn
Shejko, S., Yechyn, S., & Demchenko, N. (2016). The method for determination of the influence of the stress-strain state of metal on the structural transformations in the low-alloy steel. In Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition 2016, MS and T 2016 (pp. 353-358). https://www.proceedings.com/content/032/032780webtoc.pdf
Snizhnoi, G., & Rasshchupkyna, M. (2012). Magnetic state of the deformed austenite before and after martensite nucleation in austenitic stainless steels. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 19(6), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(12)60125-3
Snizhnoi, H. (2011). Formation of strain-induced martensite in chromium-nickel steels of the austenitic class. Materials Science, 47(3), 363–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11003-011-9404-7
Snizhnoi, H., Sazhnev, V., Snizhnoi, V., & Mukhachev, A. (2024). Details of mining beneficiation equipment made of medium manganese wear-resistant steel. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1348, 012027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1348/1/012027
Sun, B., Lu, W., Ding, R., Makineni, S. K., Gault, B., Wu, C.-H., Wan, D., Chen, H., Ponge, D., & Raabe, D. (2023). Chemical heterogeneity enhances hydrogen resistance in high-strength steels. arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.16048. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.16048
Sun, J., Jiang, M., Dong, L., Ding, Z., Bao, Y., & Luo, S. (2024). Effect of aging temperature on the microstructure and properties of alloyed high‐manganese steel. Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202300074
Tressia, G., & Sinatora, A. (2023). Effect of the normal load on the sliding wear behavior of Hadfield steels. Wear, 520–521, 204657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2023.204657
Wang, X., Zhang, X., Liu, Q., Qian, C., & Cai, Z. (2023). Enhanced Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Post-treatment Technology of Pulse High-Intensity Magnetic Field. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-07861-1
Wen, Y., Peng, H., Si, H., Xiong, R., & Raabe, D. (2014). A novel high manganese austenitic steel with higher work hardening capacity and much lower impact deformation than Hadfield manganese steel. Materials & Design, 55, 798–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.09.057
Westraadt, J. E., Goosen, W. E., Kostka, A., Wang, H., & Eggeler, G. (2022). Modified Z-phase formation in a 12% Cr tempered martensite ferritic steel during long-term creep. arXiv preprint arXiv:2206.15070. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.15070
Yan, J., Zhou, M., Wu, H., Liang, X., Xing, Z., Li, H., Zhao, L., Jiao, S., & Jiang, Z. (2023). A review of key factors affecting the wear performance of medium manganese steels. Metals, 13(7), 1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071152
Yavtushenko, A., Yavtushenko, G., Protsenko, V., Bondarenko, Y., & Vasilchenko, T. (2019). Dynamics of Mechanical Press Drive. IEEE International Conference on Modern Electrical and Energy Systems (MEES). https://doi.org/10.1109/mees.2019.8896522
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Hennadii Snizhnoi , Volodymyr Sazhnev, Serhii Sheyko, Olexandr Shapurov, Anastasiia Hrechana (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles published in the journal Challenges and Issues of Modern Science are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY) license. This means that you are free to:
- Share, copy, and redistribute the article in any medium or format
- Adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the article
as long as you provide appropriate credit to the original work, include the authors' names, article title, journal name, and indicate that the work is licensed under CC BY. Any use of the material should not imply endorsement by the authors or the journal.
