Ground Autonomous Platforms: Current State and Development Perspectives

Abstract

The rapid advancement in science and technology has led to significant developments in ground-based robotic systems, particularly within military applications. The U.S. military aims for robotic systems to constitute 30% of its combat vehicles by 2030, potentially enhancing unit capabilities. The main challenge is developing systems that can autonomously adapt to changing environments, requiring sophisticated control, communication systems, and AI based on neural networks. This study explores trends in developing robotic systems for terrestrial use. Ground-based robotic platforms equipped with optical-electronic sensors, cameras, manipulators, and engineering equipment are categorized into reconnaissance, combat, engineering, transport, and support units. These platforms, designed for modularity and multifunctionality, feature sensors, vision systems, powerful processors, and actuators for movement, navigation, and payload applications in various environments. Currently, ground-based robotic systems are classified into remotely controlled, teleoperated, and autonomously controlled types. Examples from the U.S. include reconnaissance platforms, robotic combat vehicles, and engineering and transport robots. Military and civilian platforms share common subsystems, leveraging advancements in sensor devices, machine vision, and mechanical manipulators. Key trends include enhancing existing systems with automated control, vision systems, and modular construction, enabling rapid deployment. The study analyzes technologies and development trends based on open sources, highlighting the broad spectrum of tasks for robotic systems, such as mine detection, reconnaissance, surveillance, and logistics support. Technologically advanced countries like Israel, South Korea, and China are actively developing these systems. Israel's autonomous patrol vehicles and Taiwan's new combat vehicle prototypes exemplify this trend. The development and implementation of ground-based robotic systems are vital for modernizing military operations, fundamentally altering warfare principles by integrating technological and psychological aspects.