UAV launch methods

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), commonly known as drones, have emerged as a rapidly evolving field with immense potential across diverse applications. A crucial aspect of UAV development is the method of launch, as it directly impacts the overall system design, efficiency, cost, and operational conditions. With the continuous introduction of new UAV types, understanding the most effective launch methods for each specific case is paramount. The objective of this study is to systematically structure and analyze UAV launch methods based on various parameters, providing a comprehensive framework for selecting the optimal launch approach for any given UAV application.Systematization was conducted based on the following parameters: UAV mass and dimensions, flight speed, launch site infrastructure availability, weather conditions, cost of launch device and operation, UAV production scale, other specific requirements. Among the considered types of UAV-launch device systems, the following main cases were accounted for: Some UAVs can operate without dedicated launch devices. They can take off from runways or be hand-launched by simply throwing them into the air. This method is suitable for small, lightweight UAVs with low launch energy requirements; Another common approach utilizes launch catapults. These systems accelerate the UAVs to the required speed using pre-stored energy. Energy sources for catapults can include elastic elements, compressed gas, or electromagnetic means. Catapults are suitable for a wider range of UAV sizes and launch energy requirements; Chemical reactions, such as those occurring in chemical gas generators or through solid rocket fuel combustion in rocket motors, can also provide launch energy. These methods are typically used for larger UAVs with high launch energy requirements and in situations where other launch methods are impractical. Overall, a broad classification of launch devices was conducted based on the energy storage method. As a result, a flowchart was developed to select the preferred type of launch device for each UAV class and usage conditions. This, in turn, allows this conceptual article to serve as a foundation for more in-dep.